2023

Introduction A public-private partnership (PPP) is a long-term contractual arrangement between a government agency (the public sector) and a private sector entity. The PPP model is used to deliver public services or infrastructure, and it can take many different forms. They can be a valuable tool for governments to deliver projects that would be too

Introduction A wetland is an area of ​​land that is permanently or seasonally saturated with water. Wetlands are characterised by their unique vegetation, which is adapted to live in wet conditions. Wetlands are found all over the world and play an important role in the environment. Features Of Wetlands Some Key features of wetlands :

Introduction Wildlife refers to the diverse range of living organisms, including animals, birds, insects, plants, fungi, and microorganisms, that inhabit natural environments and ecosystems. These organisms play essential roles in maintaining the balance of ecosystems and contribute to the overall health of our planet. The very first wildlife protection organisation of the country was established

Introduction “Natural vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust themselves to climate and soil conditions as far as possible.” In other words — “Natural vegetation is that community of plants in which there has been no interference for

Introduction Various agricultural schemes & programs are being operated by Uttar Pradesh, some of them are operated by the Central Government, some by the State Government and some are operated by the Center-State partnership. Various schemes, programs & policies UP Agriculture Export Policy-2019 : In September, 2019, the state government has approved Uttar Pradesh Agriculture

Introduction From the point of view of mineral resources, Uttar Pradesh is a ‘lower middle class’ state. Here minerals and sub-minerals are found in Vindhya series rocks, Bundelkhand regions, lower parts of the Himalayan range and some river valleys. Minerals in UP are mainly found in the plateau areas of the south. The main reason

Introduction The requirement of energy in Uttar Pradesh is being fully met by both commercial and non-commercial sources. The sources of commercial energy include electricity, petroleum, coal, nuclear, chemicals, etc. while the sources of non-commercial energy include wood, cow dung ( upale ), waste materials, etc. But in the changing circumstances, the importance of non-commercial

Introduction Water is a valuable resource used in agriculture, industries and domestic sphere. Water is a cyclic resource with abundant supply especially in Uttar Pradesh. Classification Surface water  River Lakes Reservoirs Groundwater Acquirers in alluvial plains River Water Resources The rivers of Uttar Pradesh can be divided into 3 categories – Originating from Himalayas such

Introduction Uttar Pradesh is the largest user of groundwater repositories. The large alluvial plain has porous soil, which is easily penetrable by surface water so there is very rich reservoir of groundwater, in the form of multiple aquifer system. However, Bundelkhand lacks ground water resource because it is plateau area. The Ground Water Department The