Q – In which of the following Acts, the provision was made for the establishment of Supreme Court at Calcutta?
( a ) Regulating Act, 1773
( b ) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
( c ) Charter Act, 1813
( d ) Charter Act, 1833
U.P.P.C.S. ( Mains ) 2010
Ans. ( a )
Explanation – The provision for the establishment of Supreme Court at Fort William, Calcutta was made in the Regulating Act, 1773. Sir Elijah Impey was the first Chief Justice of this Supreme Court.
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Regulating Act of 1773
The features of regulating Act were as follows :-
- It designated the Governor of Bengal as the ‘Governor-General of Bengal’ and created an Executive Council of four members to assist him. The first such Governor General was Lord Warren Hastings.
- It made the governors of Bombay and Madras presidencies subordinate to the governor-general of Bengal, unlike earlier, when the three presidencies were independent of one another.
- It provided for the establishment of a Supreme Court at Calcutta ( 1774 ) comprising one chief justice and three other judges.
- It prohibited the servants of the Company from engaging in any private trade or accepting presents or bribes from the ‘natives’.
- It strengthened the control of the British Government over the Company by requiring the Court of Directors ( governing body of the Company ) to report on its revenue, civil, and military affairs in India.
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