Q – The Federal Court of India was established in which of the following year?
( a ) 1935
( b ) 1937
( c ) 1946
( d ) 1947
U.P.P.C.S. ( Mains ) 2015
Ans. ( b )
Explanation :- The provision for the establishment of a Federal Court was made in the Government of India Act, 1935. The federal court of India was established on 1 October 1937. Sir Maurice Gwyer was the 1st chief Justice.
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The Government of India Act of 1935
Following were the salient features of this Act :-
- Provision for the establishment of an All India Federation at the Centre, consisting of the Provinces of British India and the Princely States. ( It did not come into existence since the Princely States refused to give their consent for the union. )
- Division of powers into three lists: Federal, Provincial and Concurrent.
- Introduction of Dyarchy at the Centre. The Governor-General and his councillors administered the “Reserved subjects”. The Council of Ministers were responsible for the “Transferred” subjects.
- Abolition of Dyarchy and the introduction of Provincial Autonomy in the provinces. The Governor was made the head of the Provincial Executive but he was expected to run the administration on the advice of the Council of Ministers. Thus provincial government was entursted to the elected Ministers. They were responsible to the popularly elected Legislative Assemblies.
- Provincial Legilatures of Bengal, Madras, Bombay, United Provinces, Bihar and Assam were made bicameral.
- Extension of the principle of separate Electorates to Sikhs, Europeans, Indian Christians and Anglo-Indians.
- Establishment of a Federal Court at Delhi with a Chief Justice and 6 judges i.e., 1 + 6.
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