The principle of Dyarchy

Q – In the context of Indian history, the principle of ‘Dyarchy ( diarchy )’ refers to :

( a ) Division of the central legislature into two houses.
( b ) Introduction of double government i.e., Central and State Governments.

( c ) Having two sets of rulers; one in London and another in Delhi.

( d ) Division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories.

Explanation – Dyarchy has been derived from the Greek word ‘di-arche’ which means double rule. In the context of Indian history, the principle of Dyarchy refers to the division of legislation subjects into central and provincial categories. The provincial subjects were further divided into ‘reserved’ and ‘transferred’ categories. Comparatively important subjects (reserved subjects) such as police, jail, justice, finance and irrigation were to be administered by the governor and his executive council without being responsible to the legislative council. Subject of lesser importance (transferred subjects) such as education, agriculture, local self government etc. were to be administered by the governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the legislative council. Dyarchy system was 1st time introduced by Government of India Act of 1919 at provincial level. Government of India Act of 1935 provided for the adoption of dyarchy at centre. It abolished dyarchy in provinces and introduced ‘provincial autonomy’ in its place.